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Ter. psicol ; 28(1): 55-67, jul. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577541

ABSTRACT

En dos experimentos, estudiantes universitarios aprendieron una relación predictiva entre un evento y una consecuencia, la que posteriormente fue extinguida presentando el evento sin la consecuencia. En el Experimento 1, se presentó la consecuencia por sí sola después de la extinción, ocasionando la reaparición de la relación predictiva aprendida originalmente, asemejándose al fenómeno del condicionamiento Pavloviano conocido como "reinstalación". Este experimento demostró además, que no es necesario apelar a asociaciones inhibitorias para explicar la reinstalación, sino que solamente a asociaciones excitatorias entre el contexto y la consecuencia. El Experimento 2 confirmó la generalidad de estos hallazgos utilizando otro procedimiento de aprendizaje causal. Se discuten estos hallazgos en términos de las diferencias entre el aprendizaje causal y el condicionamiento Pavloviano y de la posible existencia de dos mecanismos alternativos de extinción: desaprendizaje para extinguir asociaciones no consolidadas e inhibición para las consolidadas.


In two experiments, undergraduates learned a predictive relationship between an event and a consequence, which was subsequently extinguished by presenting the event without the consequence. In Experiment 1, participants were exposed to the consequence by itself after extinction, occasioning the reappearance of the originally learned predictive relationship, resembling a phenomenon known as Reinstatement in the field of Pavlovian conditioning. This experiment further demonstrated that reinstatement can be explained without appealing to inhibitory associations, but only by mean of excitatory associations between the context and the consequence. Experiment 2 confirmed the generality of these findings using a different procedure of causal learning. The findings are discussed in terms of differences between Pavlovian conditioning and causal learning and of the possible existence of two mechanisms of extinction: unlearning to extinguish non consolidated associations and inhibition for the consolidated associations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Association Learning , Causality , Conditioning, Psychological , Extinction, Psychological , Mental Recall , Models, Psychological , Neuropsychological Tests
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